A critical care nurse is caring for a client with acute pancreatitis. Which of the following would be an appropriate intervention to prevent respiratory complications?

• A. Carry out wound care as prescribed.
• B. Administer enteral or parenteral nutrition.
• C. Withhold oral feedings.
• D. Maintain the client in a semi-Fowler's position.

Answer: (D)

In acute pancreatitis, respiratory complications arise from the inflammatory response and abdominal distention that can limit chest expansion, leading to shallow breathing, atelectasis, and aspiration risk. Positioning a patient in semi-Fowler’s (head of bed elevated about 30–45 degrees) directly improves ventilation by allowing better diaphragmatic movement and expansion of the lungs, especially the bases. It also helps reduce the chance of aspiration if vomiting occurs and makes coughing and mucus clearance easier, all of which protect against respiratory complications.

Wound care is important for overall care but doesn’t impact lung expansion or airway protection. Providing nutrition supports metabolic needs but isn’t the direct intervention to prevent lung issues. Withholding oral feedings is part of pancreatic rest, yet it doesn’t specifically prevent respiratory complications, whereas elevation of the head of bed has an immediate effect on breathing mechanics and airway protection.