What is the purpose of balloon tamponade in esophageal variceal bleeding?

• A. To lower portal pressure
• B. To temporarily control hemorrhage
• C. To sustain bleeding
• D. To treat anemia

Answer: (B)

Balloon tamponade is used to apply direct mechanical pressure to the bleeding esophageal varices, providing temporary control of hemorrhage. It acts as a bridge to definitive treatment—such as endoscopic variceal ligation and therapies that reduce portal pressure—by stopping the active bleed while these therapies are arranged. It is not a method to lower portal pressure itself, nor is it intended to sustain bleeding or treat anemia. Because of risks like airway obstruction, mucosal injury, and aspiration, it is used for a short time with careful monitoring (often with airway protection) and is removed as soon as definitive care can be provided.